Objective: to determine the impact of aneurysm of intracranial arteries on cerebral collateral circulation and to assess the relationship between these changes and the site of the aneurysm.
Material and methods. CT perfusion and CT angiography were performed in 41 patients with 47 unruptured intracranial aneurysms of different sites and sizes.
Results. Impaired perfusion was not found in the majority of the patients with intracranial aneurysms less than 15 mm in diameter. Hypoperfusion in the respective temporal and occipital lobes was noted in 70% of patients with aneurysms greater than 16–25 mm. Generalized hypoperfusion was diagnosed in 100% of patients with aneurysms more than 25 mm, with the partially thrombosed aneurysms accompanied by the severer, irreversible deficit immediately around the aneurysmal sac, which was induced by the effect of volumetric exposure while in the presence of unthrombosed aneurysm, hypoperfusion occasionally involved the cortex of the entire hemisphere. In this investigation, the extent and depth of hypoperfusion depended on the thrombosis of the lumen and the size of an aneurysm rather than the site of the latter.
Conclusion. CT perfusion may be recommended as a standard examination of patients with detected intracranial aneurysm that is 16 mm or more in size for the timely diagnosis of cortical microcirculatory disorders and collateral circulatory insufficiency, which can affect the choice of a treatment option for the patientObjective: to estimate the diagnostic value of neuropower mapping (NPM) and positron emission tomography (PET) and their relationships in the evaluation of neurometabolism in patients with predementia cognitive impairments.
Material and methods. The investigation enrolled 125 patients with clinical signs of cognitive impairments. The patients were divided into 4 groups: 1) predementia cognitive impairments (PCI) in the presence of cerebrovascular disease (CVD); 2) PCI in the presence of psychoautonomic syndrome (PAS); 3) PCI in the presence of sequels to acute cerebrovascular accident (SCVA); 4) PCI in the presence of toxic, dysmetabolic, hypoxic encephalopathies (TDHEP). All the patients underwent NPM and 55 patients had PET.
Results and discussion. NPM and PET revealed neurometabolic disturbances in 100 and 46,3% of cases, respectively. The sensitivity of NPM was significantly higher than that of PET. The highest number of diffuse and diffuse-focal hypometabolism cases (n = 19 (63,3%)) were seen in the CVD and SCVA groups.
Conclusion. 1. NPM and PET assess two aspects of brain neurometabolism. 2. PET hypometabolism characterizes either structural organic abnormalities in the brain in the presence SCVA or initial manifestations of the neurodegenerative process. 3. NPM readings characterize the activity, strength of metabolic responses, that is to say, cerebral reactivity. 4. PET readings are important in determining the prognosis of disease and NPM ones are essential in defining drug treatment policy.
Objective: to study the diagnostic importance of a new Indis software package for the postprocessing of the results of radionuclude examinations (Center for Information and Diagnostic Systems, St. Petersburg, Russia) when analyzing the results of lacrimal scintigraphy.
Material and methods. Dynamic lacrimal scintigraphy was carried out in 6 volunteers (12 eyes) and 20 patients (32 years) with dacryostenosis. The examined Indis program and the known Syngo program (Siemens, Germany) were used to calculate the elimination half-life of a radiopharmaceutical from the interest region corresponding to the whole ocular surface. The time taken to postprocess the results of the examination was also determined.
Results. When calculations were made using the Indis program and the Syngo system, the elimination half-lives of a tracer in the volunteers was 6.57±2.46 and 7.54±3.21 min, respectively. These in the patents with dacryostenosis were 69.39±65.52 and 74.85±64.59 min. With these programs, the times taken for postprocessing were 12.3±4.2 and 26.3±7.9 min, respectively.
Objective: to determine whether the measurable diffusion coefficient (MIC) may be used to differentiate normal and lymphomatosisaltered lymph nodes (LNs) in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL).
Material and methods. Whole-body magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was used to compare the MICs of LNs in 27 apparently healthy individuals and 41 patients with a verified diagnosis of HL.
Results. Construction of 95% confidence intervals showed that the MICs of normal LNs were in the range of 1.00 to 1.73× ×10-3 mm2/sec and significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of lymphomatosis-affected LNs (MIC, 0.59 to 0.94×10-3 mm2/sec). The cut-off point (for discretization) of normal and lymphomatosis-altered LNs was in the range of 0.94 to 1.00×10-3 mm2/sec. Consequently, the LN with a MIC of less than 0.94×10-3 mm2/sec may be thought of as affected by the lymphomatous process.
Conclusion. MIC calculation permits differentiation of normal and affected LNs having equal signal characteristics (including those on diffusion-weighted MR images).
Material and methods. The investigation analyzed the complete data of medical records and the results of diagnosis in the patients admitted in 2009 to 2013 to the Treatment and
Rehabilitation Center for right iliac pains. The results of MSCT were compared with those of histological verification.
Results. The sensitivity and specificity of MSCT for diagnosing right iliac tumors were 97.6 and 97.8%, respectively. Those of MSCT for diagnosing right iliac inflammatory diseases were 95.1 and 97.3%, respectively. The investigation showed that the accuracy of MSCT for diagnosing right iliac tumors and inflammatory diseases was 94.1%.
Conclusion. MSCT is the method of choice in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of right iliac tumors and inflammatory diseases.
Objective. The study the specific features of using diagnostic nanosecond X-ray pulse apparatuses versus X-ray diagnostic apparatuses using direct current X-ray tubes.
Material and methods. Dosimetric tests of ARDP-01 and Yasen-01 X-ray pulse apparatuses versus RUM20 and Siemens Axiom Iconos R200 apparatuses using direct current X-ray tubes were carried out.
Results. The tests established that the patient radiation dose by a Yasen-01 apparatus is 2.5–3 times lower than that by a Siemens Axiom Iconos R200 apparatus. The radiation dose by an ARDP-01 apparatus was 10–20 times lower than that by a RUM20 apparatus when using film radiation detectors.
Conclusion. The performed investigations demonstrate a manifold reduction in the lower X-ray radiation with the use of nanosecond X-ray pulse apparatuses as compared to the continuous radiation. Without changing the characteristics of a radiation detector, the dose can be further reduced by increasing the amplitude and decreasing the duration of the pulse of X-ray tube current, and raising the pulse ratio.
REVIEWS
in radically operated patients with morphologically verified regional metastases. The paper also shows promises of hypofractionation and a postoperative radiation/chemotherapy ratio for non-small cell lung cancer.
impact on a patient’s quality of life, VA may cause ventricular fibrillation, severe circulatory disorders, and sudden cardiac death.
Objective of this study – to compare the capabilities of radiation techniques for evaluating ventricular hemodynamics and contractility in patients with VA.
A multitude of current radiodiagnostic methods, among which the most preferential technique cannot be set aside to reveal the causes of and to study hemodynamic disorders, is now used to evaluate ventricular hemodynamics and contractility in patients
with VA. Each procedure has its usage features in a contingent of patients with arrhythmias.
ISSN 2619-0478 (Online)
