Objective. To estimate the magnitude of a change in the position of the hyoid bone when displacing the lower jaw during surgical treatment in patients with dentofacial abnormalities.

Material and methods. Fifty patients with dentofacial abnormalities (25 and 25 patients with distal and mesial occlusion, respectively) were examined and treated. All the patients underwent multislice spiral computed tomography before and 6 months after surgery. The authors developed linear quantities to analyze the position of the hyoid bone with respect to the skull base and cervical spine. The paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used.

Results. None of the examined groups was noted to have a statistically significant change in the distance between the basihyoid and the vertebral column, suggesting that the datum was moderately changed. No case of worse respiratory function was found.

Conclusion. Our investigation has revealed that mandible displacement during orthognathic surgery causes no critical change in the position of the hyoid bone and hence it has no significant impact on upper airway patency in this area.

Objective: to study the association between echocardiographic (EchoCG) parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and myocardial contractility and coronary angiographic status as evidenced by ventriculography and coronarography.

Material and methods. One hundred and thirty-eight patients with morphologically verified coronary heart disease (CHD), including 74 patients with verified type 2 DM in the study group and 64 patients without carbohydrate metabolic disturbances in the control group, were examined. All the patients underwent EchoCG and coronary angiography with ventriculography. M- and B-mode EchoCG was performed using a GE Vivid 4 ultrasound system (USA).

Results. The patients with type 2 DM concurrent with CHD and decreased left ventricular (LV) contractility showed an increase in the number and extent of coronary stenoses and a substantial decrease in LV end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions, LV mass, and LV mass index. There were statistically significant correlations between diminished left ventricular contractility and main EchoCG parameters.

Conclusion. The patients with type 2 DM concurrent with CHD are more frequently observed to have multiple lesions in the coronary arteries (CA), the degree of their stenosis being higher. Cardiac structural and functional remodeling in the patients with type 2 DM was closely related to CA atherosclerotic changes and decreased myocardial contractility.

Objective: to optimize a whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) protocol including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) used as a diagnostic complex for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL).

Material and methods. The WBMRI protocol adapted for HL staging and monitoring was tried out on 1.5 T and 3.0 T MRI scanners. The investigation included 128 patients with HL verified by complex clinical, laboratory, and instrumental studies (including computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), PET/CT, scintigraphy and radiology of the skeleton, ultrasonography, laboratory tests, and biopsy) and 27 healthy individuals. The diagnostic value of the elaborated protocol was determined comparing with that of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET, the gold standard for diagnosing HL in 63 patients with this condition.

Results. WBMRI showed high sensitivity (99.2%) (97.6–100% confidence interval (CI)) and specificity (99.6%) (99.05–100% CI) in determining the foci of lesion in HL.

Conclusion. The high sensitivity and specificity of WBMRI, which are similar to those of PET, may suggest that this method should be used to estimate the extent of the primary tumor in HL. Within one study, the proposed non-contrast-enhanced WBMRI protocol for 1.5 T and 3.0 T MRI scanners can yield anatomic (T2- WI) and functional (DWI estimating the measured diffusion coefficient) MR images of nodal and extranodal lesions in HL, without increasing time and modernizing equipment and software. The proposed protocol improves the quality of HL radiodiagnosis, by concurrently reducing a patient’s radiation exposure.

Objective: to evaluate the uterus and myomatous nodules by ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in different periods after uterine artery embolization (UAE).

Material and methods. UAE was performed in 632 patients with different forms of uterine myoma. With this aim in mind, 120 cases with different forms of uterine myoma were analyzed.

Results. Following 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, the reduction in myomatous nodules was estimated to be 18.4 and 17.3, 40.7 and 42.9, 60.4 and 61.8 and 72.5 and 74.7%, respectively (p<0.05).  Necrotic exposure of a nodule, expulsion of myomatous  nodules, and removal of a partially nascent submucous nodule were observed in 18 (15%) patients. Laparoscopic myomectomy of subserous myomatous nodules was carried out in 12 (10%) cases after UAE. In doing this, interoperative blood loss was 50–80 ml.

Conclusion. UAE is an organ-sparing, highly effective uterine myoma treatment performed alone or in combination with surgery in relation to its different forms.

Objective: to evaluate the efficiency of chemoembolization using irinotecan-loaded DC Bead microspheres in the second-line chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastases.

Material and methods. In 2008 to 2013, thirty-two patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases underwent 78 chemoembolizations (mean 2.44 per patient). The results of embolization were assessed by computed tomography using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria. Survival rates were analyzed applying the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results. According to the RECIST criteria, a partial response at 3, 6, and 12 months of treatment was found in 4, 2, and 0%, respectively. Stabilization was noted in 67, 53, and 12%. There were no complete responses. The median time to disease progression was 225 days; median survival was 420 days. By the study analysis, all the patients included in the study died.

Conclusion. Chemoembolization with drug-eluting microspheres may be successfully used in the second-line chemotherapy of colorectal liver metastases.

Objective: to study whether myocardial single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT with radiation absorption correction (RAC) versus fractional flow reserve (FFR) may be used to assess the hemodynamic relevance of borderline coronary stenosis in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).

Material and methods. The investigation enrolled 70 patients (50 men and 20 women; mean age 57±5 years) diagnosed as having CHD verified by clinical instrumental studies, in whom coronary angiography (CA) estimating FFR revealed 50 to 70% coronary stenosis; then all the patients underwent SPECT/CT using a two-day rest/ exercise (bicycle ergometer) protocol; the total injected radiotracer activity was 370–900 MBq 99mTc-MIBI depending on body weight.

Results. A standard 17-segment scheme was employed to calculate the SDS index, borderline stenosis detected by CA was considered hemodynamically significant at SDS≥4 in one of the 17 segments, which corresponded to one of the major coronary artery, which was compared by the authors with FFR. At SDS≥4, the sensitivity and specificity of SPECT/CT were shown to be 96.7 and 90.6%, respectively.

Conclusion. Quantitative analysis of borderline stenosis by SPECT/CT with RAC increases its specificity and sensitivity in estimating the functional significance of borderline coronary stenosis.

Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation conferred upon S.K. Ternovoy, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

The paper reviews the problem of using structured radiology reports. Their salient features are as follows: to work out a protocol in accordance with some pattern, to divide it into subheadings arranged consecutively and logically and broken down by main anatomical structures, types of disease, and study, and to use standardized terminology. The RSNA proposed RadLex system is the most known example of structured reports. The experience in using these protocols has shown that the latter may improve the clearness and informative value of roentgenologists’ opinions and alleviate their understanding by physicians of other specialties. However, the systems of writing the structured radiology reports have a number of constraints for the time being, which interfere with their wide clinical introduction. Nonetheless, their use is substantially increasing in the years ahead.

The review analyzes the literature on the use positron emission tomography (PET) with various radiopharmaceuticals in the assessment of cerebral blood flow, perfusion, the blood-brain barrier in order to investigate the biological properties, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, staging of brain neoplasms and in the evaluation of the efficiency of their treatment. The main qualitative perfusion and cerebral blood flow indicators that can be identified by PET are described in detail and compared with morphological criteria for estimation of angiogenesis and the degree of tumor tissue vascularization.

The paper gives historical information on the foundation and establishment of the Russian X-Radiology Research Center, as well as the advances that have been fundamental in the further clinical, scientific, and educational activities of the center.

It details information of the recent advances of the center in diagnosis, including radiation, clinical and molecular gene, and combined treatments for cancer patients, including surgery, polychemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The achievements of each subdivisions of the Center are given.

The paper shows the latest advances of the Center and its workers in researches, which have been embodied in their dissertations, monographs, and guides.

Of great importance is the educational process the Center’s workers are successfully doing in, by training specialists of different profile.