Objective: to demonstrate the possibilities and advantages of wide-detector computed tomography for performing dynamic studies and evaluating the effectiveness of microsurgical autotransplantation of tissue complexes in the urogenital region, by using a perfusion computed tomography and dynamic voiding computed cystourethrography.

Subjects and methods. This investigation enrolled 36 patients with different urogenital diseases, who were examined using a wide-detector computed tomographic scanner and the procedures of dynamic perfusion computed tomography and dynamic voiding computed cystourethrography.

Results. Perfusion examination revealed that none of the patients had hypoperfused areas of autografts, which suggests their good engraftment. Dynamic voiding computed cystourethrography estimated the width of the urethral lumen in all segments and identified the regions of its greatest narrowing and their extension. Computed uroflowmetry was scheduled for all patients.

Conclusion. The advantages of wide-detector systems with their unique properties made it possible to apply them in the new area – in planning and evaluating the effectiveness of the microsurgical reconstruction of the urogenital region, by obtaining additional, previously unavailable diagnostic information.

Objective: to compare the criteria for tumor response to targeted therapy and immunotherapy for metastatic
kidney cancer.

Subjects and methods. The paper presents the results of diagnosis and treatment in 20 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Of these, 10 patients took interferon-α as immunotherapy, 10 patients received sorafenib as targeted therapy. The response of targeted foci was assessed using computed tomography according to the RECIST 1.1, Choi, mChoi, and SACT criteria. Control CTs were performed every 3 months until the disease progressed. The progression-free time was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results. The investigation revealed the coincidence according to the RECIST 1.1, Choi, mChoi and SACT criteria in terms of progression in all assessed cases; that according to the partial response criterion in 50% of cases, and that according to the stability criterion in 8.7%. Other cases displayed a discrepancy in the interpretation of the results. The progression-free time for patients receiving immunotherapy according to the RECIST 1.1 criteria, the Choi and mChoi criteria, and the SACT criteria was 6.3 ± 0.7, 4.3 ± 0.6, and 4.5 ± 0.7 months, respectively. The progression-free time for patients receiving targeted therapy according to the above criteria was 10.3 ± 1.2, 6.4 ± 1.2, and 6.7 ± 1.3 months.

Conclusion. Tumor response to therapy is critical in evaluating the efficiency of anticancer treatment. Targeted and immunological drugs cause not only a tumor size change, but also necrosis and cystic degeneration. The criteria based not only on changes in size, but also on those in the density of tumor foci have a shorter progression-free time and make it possible to identify patients with disease progression at an earlier date.

The biceps muscle located between the shoulder and ulnar articulations is attached to the bone structures with a tendon, so in case of traumatic impact, the damage may be both in the proximal and distal parts. Most tendon ruptures occur in the proximal biceps, less often distally, in the area of radial tuberosity. The anamnesis and examination data play an important role in the diagnosis of ruptures. But the instrumental diagnostics is used for complete verification of the diagnosis and exclusion of complications or other diseases. The most reliable and comprehensive information is provided by the method of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The article presents analysis of MRI results in a patient with a complete distal biceps tendon rupture with the tendon pulled upward and the muscle retracted. The MRI study could make a correct clear diagnosis, which allowed the patient to immediately contact a specialized professional and to receive qualified assistance in time. Thus, it is shown that high-field MRI makes it possible to solve the problems of identifying the pathological processes and determining their severity with high accuracy.

In recent years, positron emission tomography (PET) with amino acid radiopharmaceuticals has assumed increasing importance in the diagnosis of brain tumors and it has already become an additional method of examination along with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in many diagnostic centers. The markers of somatostatin receptors seem to be most promising for the PET diagnosis of meningiomas. PET provides important additional information in the diagnosis of brain changes of unknown origin and more accurate information about tumor boundaries, which is necessary for biopsy, neurosurgery, and radiation therapy. In addition, labeled amino acid PET aids in the assessment of disease prognosis, in the differentiation of continued tumor growth from nonspecific therapeutic pathomorphism of the brain, and in the evaluation of treatment efficiency at an earlier time than is possible with MRI.

The reproducibility of the conditions used during scanning, especially in MRI, is one of the important tasks in radiodiagnosis to obtain standardized data and to correctly assess them over time in the same patient. The important aspect is to use an automatic magnetic resonance contrast agent injector. The paper considers the aspects of obtaining standardized results using the automatic injector during standard contrast enhancement, by applying subtraction, dynamic contrast enhancement, magnetic resonance angiography, and magnetic resonance perfusion.

The aim of this literature review is to consider the range of different integral characteristics and indices, by which it can be possible to evaluate impaired hemodynamics and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in the central nervous system according to radiation introscopy, including ultrasound and phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging. Consideration is given to various volume-velocity and temporal parameters and the possibility of using the described characteristics to study joint blood and cerebrospinal fluid flows. Emphasis is laid on the analysis of the information provided by each of the indices and by the possibility of its clinical application. This expanded study of the interaction of fluids in the central nervous system will be able to give a better insight into the mechanisms involved in maintaining homeostasis in the brain.

At present, the attention of many researchers is focused on the disseminated tuberculosis problem due to its relevance. In some regions of Russia, disseminated tuberculosis is fairly common form of pulmonary tuberculosis. Pulmonary tuberculosis combines processes of different origins, which result from the hematogenous, bronchogenic, and lymphogenous spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is the reason for a variety of clinical and radiographic manifestations. In particular, the atypical localization of foci in the lower and middle lung segments and the atypical distribution of pulmonary lobular foci frequently lead to diagnostic errors and present problems in their interpretation. This investigation is devoted to the different variants of lymphogenous dissemination of tuberculosis with an emphasis on modern radiodiagnosis.