Objective. To reveal the characteristic radiological features of pituitary apoplexy, which are able to influence its treatment policy. Material and methods. 82 patients with pituitary apoplexy were analyzed. Surgery was not performed in 37 cases and its need disappeared during medical treatment. 45 patients were operated on in different periods after the onset of hemorrhage. The characteristics of MR images of a pituitary apoplexy focus and the likelihood of complete tumor resorption were assessed. Results. Cystic cavities in the tumor stroma were more frequently found at 3 months after the onset of hemorrhage. Complete resorption occurred mainly in pituitary adenomas measuring < 40 mm in size. Tumor resorption occurred more often in diffuse infiltration of the tumor stroma. Conclusion. Medical therapy may be the mainstay of treatment for pituitary apoplexy in tumors < 40 mm with a hemorrhage duration of less than 3 months if cysts are absent in the stroma, regardless of a patient’s status. The probability of pituitary function recovery in this case was 87.5%.

Objective. To investigate the morphological characteristics of ruptured aneurysms in a group of patients under and over 50 years of age. Material and methods. The investigation enrolled 123 people with ruptured saccular cerebral aneurysms, in whom digital subtraction angiography was carried out in 2011 to 2015. The study took into account the localization of aneurysms, the diameter of the aneurysm dome, the diameter of the aneurysm neck, the axial size of the aneurysmal sac, the distance from the aneurysm neck plane to the aneurysm dome measurement plane, dome-to-neck ratio, axial dimension-to-neck diameter ratio, and aneurysm volume. Results. The diameter of the aneurysm dome (Mann–Whitney U (60; 63)=1384.0; p=0.01), that of the aneurysm neck (U (60; 63) = 1283; p=0.002), aneurysm volume (U (60;63) = 1244.5; p=0.001) were statistically significantly higher in the older age group with a positive correlation with the age of patients. Conclusion. The older age group patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysm had high values of dome and neck diameters and aneurysm volume with a positive correlation between these indicators and the age of patients.

Objective. To present the diagnosis of and treatment policy for severe cystic adenomatoid malformation (CAM) of the lung in newborn infants, allowing one to rule out a fatal outcome and to ensure good quality of life in the future. Material and methods. The authors describe their own 12 clinical cases in newborn infants with the histologically verified diagnosis of type 1 CAM with a pronounced mass effect, as well as pregnancy management tactics, the time and algorithm of postnatal radiation examination, a treatment method and give long-term results. Results. The traced long-term results are predominantly good (77.8%); there are no poor outcomes or mortality in this patient group. Conclusion. The prognosis for life in severe forms of CAM with a high risk of antepartum fetal demise can be favorable if there is a correct pregnancy management tactics, early examination, and surgical treatment. Computed tomography and computed tomographic angiography are main postnatal diagnostic techniques that determine the further tactics of a neonatal surgeon. Emergency surgery is indicated after the diagnosis of type 1 CAM with a pronounced mass effect is confirmed.

The paper describes a clinical observation showing the capabilities of three-dimensional dynamic 640-slice CT coronary angiography in the postoperative period after coronary artery stenting and in the presence of anomalous origin of coronary arteries from a single coronary sinus. Patient K. aged 76 years who had sought medical advice for his complaints of pressing retrosternal pain radiating to the inter-scapular region when walking 20–30 meters, as well as intermittent episodes of crushing pain at rest was examined. The patient underwent coronary angiography, circumflex artery stenting, and three-dimensional dynamic 640-slice CT-coronary angiography in the early postoperative period. Three-dimensional dynamic 640-slice CT coronary angiography after circumflex artery stenting could determine the status of the operated artery and stent and identify a variant of anomalous origin of the right coronary artery, which had not been previously diagnosed using two invasive coronary angiographies. 

Objective – to determine the clinical significance and capabilities of radiodiagnosis of the calcium milk phenomenon in urology. Material and methods. In 1989–2014, a total of 59 patients with calyceal diverticula (CDs) were followed up with ultrasound, plain intravenous urography (IVU), and 64-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT). Results. Nine (15%) patients were found to have a calcium milk phenomenon as echo-positive by ultrasonography and as X-ray contrast-positive by IVU and MSCT of the CD cavity contents shifting during polypositional examination. Instead of repeated CT scanning, delayed IVU was performed to reduce radiation exposure. Conclusion. Polypositional examination revealing the shifting horizontal level of calcium milk must be necessary performed in the radiodiagnosis of the calcium milk phenomenon. The clinical significance of the calcium milk phenomenon, like multiple small stones detected in CD, is the lack of indications for telelithotripsy. Calcium milk in the renal cysts is of no clinical significance.

The paper gives the main provisions relating to the primary, specialized, and periodic accreditation of medical specialists engaged in roentgenology, radiology, ultrasound diagnosis, X-ray endovascular methods for diagnosis and treatment. It considers the timing and stages of accreditation and sets forth the regulations and organizational issues of accreditation procedures at each stage.

The paper provides information on the safety and diagnostic efficacy of macrocyclic magnetic resonance contrast agents, such as gadobutrol, gadoteridol, and gadoteric acid. It is concluded that the standard gadobutrol dose of 0.1 mmol/kg body weight has a favorable safety profile and is well tolerated by children, including by newborn infants and adults. Owing to the increased relaxivity and double concentration of gadolinium, gadobutrol, as compared to gadoteridol and gadoteric acid, has a higher diagnostic efficacy and pharmacoeconomic advantages.

Urinary leaks and ureteral injuries under treatment of pelvic tumors are the difficult and unsettled clinical diagnostic problem. For their radiodiagnostics using different imaging techniques, primarily computed tomography. About application magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is less well knows. The possibilities MRI to diagnostic of urinary leaks and ureteral injuries and ureterostegnosis are illustrated in the article; we discuss the limitation of method requiring additional use of other radiological methods. A literature search on the topic of research was carried out on the databases PubMed and eLIBRARY.