Objective: to show the possibility of using ^99mTc-technephyt esophageal transit scintigraphy (ETS) to assess the effect of cardiodilation in patients with achalasia cardia.
Material and methods. We examined 7 patients (6 males and 1 female) aged 44–73 years (mean age 57.8 years) diagnosed with achalasia cardia, who were treated in Department of Thoracic Surgery No. 2 at Republican Clinical Hospital from June 2022 to January 2023. The disease duration before admission to the hospital ranged from 2 to 17 years (mean 9.2 years).
Results. The analysis of ETS results showed a decreased radiopharmaceutical residual activity percentage in cardia for all patients after treatment compared with the initial data. It indicated a positive effect of cardiodilation and coincided with X-ray examination data. The obtained results demonstrate the possibility of ETS using and its practical significance to assess the effect of therapeutic measures, in particular cardiodilation, in patients with achalasia cardia.
Conclusion. Performed according to the described protocol, ETS is a physiological and safe method for both the diagnosis of achalasia and the subsequent assessing therapeutic effect, including cardiodilation, myotomy, conservative treatment, and long-term dynamic monitoring. It is a physiological and safe procedure, which can be recommended in cases of difficulties in evaluating the esophageal function by X-ray, endoscopic and manometric methods or when their use is impossibile.

Background. In early breast screening structure, an important factor is breast density. Women with types C and D breast density according to American College of Radiology (ACR) classification have 4–6-fold increased risk of cancer compared to women with type A breast density. With this type of density, the effectiveness of diagnostic mammography (MG) is significantly decreased. Today, automated breast 3D ultrasound can be considered as an additional screening method in women with breast structure types C and D according to ACR.
Objective: to perform a comparative analysis of the diagnostic efficacy of 2D and 3D ultrasound in women aged 40 years and older with high breast tissue density.
Material and methods. Retro-prospective, observational, single-center study was conducted. From February 2019 to May 2023, 1283 patients aged 40 years and older were examined. The patients were divided into two groups. In group A, women underwent 2D ultrasound and MG. In group B, additionally to these methods, 3D ultrasound was performed. In both groups, the results were evaluated according to Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS). Based on the obtained data, the following indicators were determined: positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of all methods. For 2D and 3D ultrasound, the predictive model areas under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were calculated.
Results. MG method showed PPV 0.89, NPV 0.93, sensitivity 0.53, specificity 0.99, and balanced accuracy 0.76. Indicators for 2D ultrasound demonstrated PPV 0.8, NPV 0.98, sensitivity 0.9, specificity 0.97, balanced accuracy 0.93, AUC ROC 0.968. The results for 3D ultrasound were as follows: PPV 0.97, NPV 0.97, sensitivity 0.9, specificity 0.99, balanced accuracy 0.94, AUC ROC 0.98.
Conclusion. The diagnostic efficiency of breast automated 3D ultrasound in patients aged 40 years and older is comparable to 2D ultrasound in terms of sensitivity, and it’s better in terms of accuracy, specificity. The prognostic model of 3D ultrasound is also better compared to 2D ultrasound.

Objective: to assess the incidence, number and position of accessory infraorbital foramina (AIOF) according to cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Material and methods. CBCT data from 156 patients who received dental care at a private medical center in Minsk (The Republic of Belarus) in 2018–2023 were analyzed.
Results. In 29 (18.6%) patients, 38 AIOF were found. Unilateral doubling of the infraorbital foramen was more common than bilateral (21 patients compared to 8). In 1 case, the presence of two AIOF simultaneously on one side was noted. They were located medial and superior relative to the main infraorbital foramen at a distance 3.73–14.5 mm from it. In 2 of 13 patients with simultaneously visualized upper and lower jaws, an accessory mental foramen was found on the AIOF side. AIOF were more often identified on the left side (p<0.05); no gender differences in their occurrence were detected.
Conclusion. The obtained results demonstrate a high frequency of infraorbital foramen doubling. To increase the effectiveness of surgical manipulations in the middle third of the face and prevent iatrogenic neurological complications, it is recommended to conduct a preoperative CBCT to clarify the localization of the main and accessory infraorbital foramina.

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of diagnostics for non-small cell lung cancer (LC) based on chest radiography/fluorography data for LC screening diagnostics during preventive medical examination and check-ups.
Material and methods. The work was organized as a retrospective cohort study. The starting point of the study was chest radiography, the final point was the diagnosis of LC based on the results of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) and tumor morphological examination. The patient sample was composed using inclusion and exclusion criteria and initially included 800 patients, then narrowed down to 788. Patients were divided into groups according to LC stage and depending on whether radiography during preventive measures made it possible to suspect LC verified within 3 months via LDCT for any reasons not related to the suspicion of a tumor process. The diagnostic coefficient and informative value of radiography were calculated for each stage of the established LC diagnosis.
Results. The study showed that chest radiography does not allow establishing stage I LC diagnosis (J=0.00; p<0.05), it is low informative for stage II LC (J=0.25; p<0.05), and medium informative for stage III LC (J=0.80; p<0.05). Chest radiography does not reliably detect LC signs at early stages in 84.3% of cases.
Conclusion. The obtained results indicate an insufficient sensitivity of radiography as a screening method, primarily for early LC diagnosis. The introduction of chest LDCT instead of radiography into the procedure for preventive medical examination and check-ups of the adult population approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation will increase LC detection at early stages by 5.37 times (95% confidence interval 3,77–7,64).

Background. Breast cancer is a leading type of cancer in women. Imaging techniques (ultrasound, mammography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) play a crucial role in tumor detection and evaluation. The last emerging technique is contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) which provides both morphological and functional information.
Objective: to evaluate CEM accuracy in measuring breast tumor lesions.
Material and methods. The study involved 69 patients followed by the Breast Unit from January 2018 to September 2023. Breast tumor dimensions measured in CEM in the pre-operative stage by three experienced radiologists were compared to the dimension obtained at the histological examination, the current gold standard in assessing tumor size.
Results. We observed a slight overestimation by CEM compared to histology, with a difference between the two measurements not more than 10 mm. CEM underestimated the dimensions in 12 of 69 cases.
Conclusion. The study demonstrated excellent CEM accuracy in preoperative assessment of breast tumors, consistent with previous findings in the literature. CEM could prove to be a valid and safer alternative to MRI in preoperative breast tumor measuring.

Pericardial cysts are rare benign tumors often discovered incidentally during radiological examinations. Despite being predominantly asymptomatic, they can cause significant clinical manifestations and complications. The article describes a case of migrating pericardial cyst that was initially misinterpreted as left-sided encysted pleural effusion. Detailed assessment of dynamic changes on multislice computed tomography and subsequent surgical treatment revealed that the neoplasm originated from the pericardial layers altering its location, shape, and size. Awareness of the phenomenon of pericardial cyst migration and the use of up-to-date imaging techniques play a crucial role in accurate diagnosis and selecting optimal treatment strategies.

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) occupies one of the leading places in the structure of disability and mortality in adult population throughout the world, which causes a significant social and economic burden of this pathology. Recent advances in AIS diagnosis and treatment have significantly reduced mortality and improved functional outcomes in patients. However, categories of patients with unsatisfactory results and complications of reperfusion therapy still remain. In some of them, mortality may exceed the overall rate. To this day, there are controversial aspects in determining indications and choosing the preferred method of cerebral reperfusion. The presented cases describe the results of using thrombolytic therapy and thromboextraction in AIS patients of different age groups. The importance of various neuroimaging methods (multislice computed tomography, computed angiography, duplex ultrasound of extra- and intracranial arteries) for timely diagnosis and determination of optimal revascularization tactics was noted.