Objective: to examine the state of the extraocular muscles and orbital cellular tissue of patients with different clinical forms of endocrine ophthalmopathy.

Material and methods. The study involved 294 patients (559 orbits) with endocrine ophthalmopathy. In 87 of them (174 orbits), thyrotoxic exophthalmos was diagnosed, in 172 (343 orbits) – edematous exophthalmos (with myogenic type in 30 patients, lipogenic type in 46, mixed type in 96 patients), in 35 patients (42 orbits) – endocrine myopathy.

Results. The article presents the volumes of extraocular muscles and orbital cellular tissue in patients with different forms of endocrine ophthalmopathy. The density of the muscles and orbital cellular tissue was studied in details in those groups of patients. The results show that increase of extraocular muscles volume is greater than increase of orbital cellular tissue volume, and have specific features for each form of endocrine ophthalmopathy.

Conclusion. We detected significant quantitative differences in orbit soft tissue volume in patients with endocrine ophthalmopathy. That confirms the feasibility of allocating of three forms of endocrine ophthalmopathy and explains its variative clinical presentations.

Objective: to estimate the usefulness of computed tomography (CT) data in surgical planning of patients with dentofacial anomalies.

Material and methods. The study involved 100 patients with dentofacial anomalies. All patients underwent standard treatment protocol (orthodontic preparation, orthognathic surgery planning, orthognathic surgery, and retention period). During preoperational planning all patients underwent 320-row computed tomography (Toshiba Aquilion ONE, slice thickness – 0.5 mm), in spiral or volumetric tomography mode. Received data was exported to DICOM format. According to CT data, preoperative CT-protocol for this group of patients was developed.

Results. The features of dentofacial anomalies were assessed (by Angle's classification, angle β measurement (Baik S.Y., Ververidou M., 2004), assessment of symmetry of upper and lower jaws was performed. Investigation of this patient group included assessment of teeth condition, with special attention to dystopic and impacted teeth due to necessity of their preoperational removal. Mandibular nerves channels were assessed, including localization of mandibular and mental foramens. Temporomandibular joints, paranasal sinuses and nasal cavities were assessed, as it affected the tactics of these patients.

Conclusion. Computed tomography is necessary for comprehensive assessment of pathology and surgical planning in patients with anomalies of dental system at preoperative diagnostics and planning steps.

Objective: to evaluate the clinical and radiological features of viral pneumonia caused by influenza A (H1N1) in 2015–2016.

Material and methods. The study involved 22 patients (13 men, 9 women, 1 patient died) with viral pneumonia caused by influenza A (H1N1). The average age of patients was 39±14 years. All patients underwent conventional X-ray examinations (radiography in two projections), multi-spiral computed tomography (CT), high-resolution CT. Seven patients underwent CT angiography. Assessment of respiratory function was performed in 20 patients (except two severe patients that were unable to undergo the test).

Results. The clinical course included rapid progression, with body temperature increase up to 39 °C or above, development of intoxication and respiratory failure. X-ray patterns were identical to the previous epidemic in 10 patients. Others showed rapid process progression leading to the formation of mixed infections (3 pts), development of respiratory distress syndrome (5 pts), complicated by pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism accession (3 pts). Long-term retention of respiratory failure was caused by the formation of two types of lung pathology: severe constrictive bronchiolitis (in 5 patients receiving mechanical ventilation) and fibrotic changes in lung tissue resembling fibrosing alveolitis (6 patients without mechanical ventilation).

Conclusion. The use of long-term mechanical ventilation in patients with severe viral lung lesions may complicate with constrictive bronchiolitis development. The formation of fibrotic changes in the lung tissue similar to idiopathic interstitial pneumonias may be the confirmation of their suspected viral nature. Development of pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum may be due to lung tissue changes caused by viral infection. Development of pulmonary embolism in viral lungs lesions requires inclusion of CT angiography in the diagnostic algorithm of complicated influenza.

Objective: to examine the relationship between structural and functional heart remodeling and sclerodermic lung disease.

Material and methods. The study involved 62 women: 21 with systemic sclerosis (SSC) (mean age 49,4±2,1 years) and 41 healthy women (mean age 45±1,7 years) (р=0,127). Examination and treatment of patients with SSC was performed according to the guidelines. Instrumental diagnostics included cardiac US, chest X-ray, pulmonary high-resolution computed tomography.

Results. SSC patients, as compared to control group, demonstrated significant increase of end-diastolic left ventricular size, septal thickness, left ventricular mass and mass index. End-diastolic and end-systolic left ventricular size was significantly greater in patients with diffuse pulmonary fibrosis than with basal pulmonary fibrosis.

Conclusion. Our data indicate significant changes in the structural and functional parameters of the heart in SSC and their relationship with the progression of pulmonary pathology.

Diagnosis of spinal leptomeningeal metastases in children with brain tumors is currently performed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast enhancement. In some cases, non-specific contrast agent accumulation along the meninges is detected on MRI in the postoperative period, which can be misdiagnosed as metastases, or can obscure true metastasis to the spinal cord. The article presents a clinical example of this phenomenon.

Advantages of automatic injector MEDRAD® Avanta in interventional radiology are described. The issues concerning the selection of the optimal contrast agent during angiography and endovascular interventions are considered. It is concluded that contrast enhancement with iopromide and automatic injector MEDRAD® Avanta should be considered as reliable, highly effective and safe imaging technique in the diagnosis and X-ray surgery in cardiovascular diseases, malformations, tumors and other patology

Current review describes the prerequisites for clinical application of nuclear imaging with metaiodobenzylguanidine for cardiac sympathetic activity assessment. As the method developed, various quantitative parameters were proposed to evaluate its results. Some of them are still calculated and interpreted differently in various medical centers. This review systemizes the data regarding the attempts of method standardization, and describes factors that inhibit its validation for clinical trials.