Objective: to assess the role of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) in relation to clinical, metabolic, and psychoneurological disorders.

Material and methods. Fifty-eight patients aged 16 to 30 years with DM1 were examined; a control group consisted of 29 healthy young people matched by gender and age. Their examination involved clinical, metabolic, and psychological testing. The quality of life was assessed using the general Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (MOS SF-36) and the specific Audit-Dependent Quality of Life (AdDQoL). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoСа test) was employed to screen for cognitive impairments. All the patients were advised by a neurologist. Brain MRI using a 1.0 T Siemens Magnetom scanner was carried out to evaluate structural changes in the central nervous system.

Results. The examination of the patients with DM1 revealed the signs of grey matter atrophy, enlarged Virchow–Robin spaces, white matter injury, which correlated with the presence of chronic hyperglycemia, cognitive impairments, and microvascular complications.

Conclusions. Routine brain MRI is best carried out in patients with DM1 and poor disease control to timely implement therapeuticand-prophylactic measures for preventing cognitive impairments and improving the quality of life.

Objective: to study the possibilities of enhancing the efficiency of differential diagnosis of solitary lung masses by optimizing the quantitative analysis of positron emission tomography (PET) data when two radiopharmaceuticals (RP) (18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) and 11C-methionine) are used alone and in combination.

Material and methods. A comprehensive examination involving 18F-FDG and 11C-methionine PET was made in 116 patients with solitary lung masses of various genesis. A final diagnosis in the examinees was established from the results of postoperative material morphological analysis and/or laboratory tests and those of X-ray follow-up.

Results. No 18F-FDG and 11C-methionine hyperfixation was found in patients with benign tumors and in the majority of patients with focal pneumofibrosis. At 18F-FDG and 11C-methionine PET, RP accumulation was recorded in all patients with lung cancer (LC) and in patients with inflammatory diseases. Three patients with 18F-FDG PET-negative typical carcinoid tumors were noted to have increased 11C-methionine uptake. At 11C-methionine PET, RP accumulation was recorded in the projection of formation in all the patients with LC and in 38 of the 42 patients with inflammatory diseases. Regardless of the used RP, the Standardized Uptake Value (SUV) was significantly lower in the patients with inflammatory diseases than in those with LC (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions. When RP is used alone, the diagnostic efficiency of 11C-methionine PET in the differential diagnosis of lung tumors and inflammations is higher than that of 18F-FDG PET. At the same time, the highest informative value of PET is seen when 18FFDG and 11C-methionine are used in combination.

Multiple coronary artery atherosclerotic lesions are a major cause of ischemic cardiomyopathy. Myocardial revascularization in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy in the presence of the viable myocardium and/or ischemic areas leads to improved central hemodynamic parameters and as a consequence to better quality of life and prognosis as a whole. The paper describes a clinical case of successful coronary artery angioplasty and stenting in a patient with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Following 8 months, there was a considerable improvement in the patient’s general condition, an increase in left ventricular ejection fraction, and a reduction in cardiac cavity sizes.

Deep infiltrating endometriosis is a disease in reproductiveaged women, resulting in varying chronic pelvic pains and infertility, which requires surgical treatment.

Objective – to determine the capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to diagnose pelvic endometriosis and to elaborate an optimal scanning protocol if this disease is suspected.

Small pelvic MRI has a high accuracy in the diagnosis of endometriosis and can visualize most endometrioid implants, including those that are located under adhesions and in the subperitoneal regions. Just the same, a radiodiagnostician should not forget that MRI is of low informative value in identifying bowel endometriosis. Hence, when diagnosing deep infiltrating endometriosis, MRI should be complemented with transvaginal ultrasonography to detect endometrioid implants on the bowel walls as the informative value in this aspect is above.

The analysis of literature data showed that the creation and implementation of a new form of radiology reports into clinical practice is an actual problem of modern medicine. Although imaging modalities have undergone dramatic evolution over the past century, radiology reporting has remained largely static, in both content and structure. In recent years the necessity to create a structured reporting is widely discussed in the literature. A universal format of radiology report hasn’t been found yet. The standard of reporting system is absent, a wide variety of styles in radiology reporting currently exists. The challenging goal is improvement of existing protocols and creation of a new form of radiology reports – the protocols of the future.

Objective: to determine the individual roentgenometric parameters of the posterior cranial fossa and the specific features of the location of brain structures on computed tomography scans in terms of their possible use on planning surgical approaches.

Material and methods. The computed tomography scans of the bony base of the posterior cranial fossa and the projection variants of the location of brain structures relative to the osseous landmarks were roentgenometrically studied in 116 patients without pathology of the cranial bones and brain.

Results. The main linear (length, width, depth) and angular (a pyramidal convergence angle, a pyramidal occipital angle, a slope angle, and occipital squama inclination) roentgenometric parameters determining the shape of the posterior cranial fossa were determined. The most commonly encountered (long narrow deep, long wide fine, long narrow fine, long wide deep, and short narrow fine) shapes were identified according to the combination of the extrema of these parameters. The variants of the location of brain structures were determined within the projection planes.

Conclusion. There were the roentgenometric parameters and craniocerebral ratios, which are of value in the individual planning of surgical approaches to the structures of the posterior cranial fossa.

Objective: to provide a rationale for determining the midsagittal plane of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) elements by the anatomical landmark for estimation of the individual depth of a tomographic section at targeted linear TMJ imaging.

Material and methods. Cephalometry of 20 human skulls. Targeted linear TMJ imaging in the lateral projection in 176 patients.

Results. The anatomical landmarks of the midsagittal plane of a tomographic section were determined and the latter’s anatomical landmark (a reference searching point) was found to estimate the individual depth of the tomographic section at targeted linear TMJ imaging. There was an agreement between the midsagittal plane of the TMJ and that of the frontal process of the zygomatic bone (the lateral orbital wall). The latter was ascertained to be rightly used as a cephalometric point and taken as an individual anatomical landmark indicating the level of a tomographic section at targeted linear TMJ imaging.

The individual anatomical landmark was used to examine 176 patients at targeted linear TMJ imaging. Six hundred and four tomography scans were studied. Excellent- and good-quality pictures were obtained in 94.2% of cases. The section depth was 2.0 to 3.0 cm in 86.7% of cases (2.5, 2.0, and 3.0 cm in 42.2, 21.6, and 22.9%, respectively).

Conclusion. The proposed procedure could exclude search samples and minimize the dose of radiation and the time of survey depth determination.

The paper considers the issues of manpower training in X-ray mammology. It mentions staff shortage and no special training, which reduces the efficient activities of X-ray mammographic rooms, as well as shortage of training facilities and no unified educational programs within interdisciplinary integration, inadequate technical equipment in the training facilities, the lack of an accounting system for training higher- and mid-level health workers, as well as engineers. Emphasis is placed on that the educational programs must comply with the organizational forms of testing the specialists to be employed. The introduction of a continuous education system should be accelerated to rule out the decay period of specialists’ competence.