Objective – to optimize imaging algorithms of preoperative evaluation and postoperative changes and complications in patients with occlusive carotid disease.

Material and methods. Results of pre- and postoperative imaging of patients with occlusive carotid disease during 2012–2016 years were analyzed. Four groups were defined: assessment of CT-angiography (CTA) for preoperative planning (256 patients); the role of CTA for postoperative changes (51 patients); CT-perfusion (CTP) abilities in cerebral circulation assessment before and after surgery (103 and 76 patients); CT and MRI in diagnosis of postoperative neurologic complications (595 patients).

Results. CTA employment in preoperative examination increased accuracy of occlusive process evaluation and changed management strategy in 6 patients. With CTA data we were able to define three variants of postoperative carotid changes: “expected” condition; changes that require further dynamic control studies; complications. The most reasonable was CTP employment for patients with combination of stenosis of one carotid artery and occlusion of contralateral artery. For diagnosis of neurologic complication first line examination was MRI, than for further assessment – CTA and CTP.

Conclusion. Complex imaging algorithm for occlusive carotid disease assessment, defining of postoperative vascular status and possible neurologic complications provide necessary information for management strategy examination. 

Objective – study of the diagnostic capabilities of MRI and PET/CT scanners and the available user programs for processing DICOM-images in the implementation of the preoperative planning of stereotactic interventions in patients with deep cerebral gliomas in terms of fusion the scans of a brain.

Material and methods. 35 stereotactic surgeries (biopsies and treatment cryoablations) were preplanned and then conducted in patients with brain deep-seated tumors. Patients underwent MRI-scanning in stereotactic conditions and PET/CT scanning with the tumor-specific radiotracer 11C-methionine for stereotactic targeting in preoperative period. Stereotactic planning was conducted on fused MRI/PET images. A co-registration was carried out using a diagnostic workstation Philips and neuronavigation station Medtronic StealthStation S7.

Results. A fusion of MRI and PET images using application software is a convenient tool for precise planning of target points and trajectories for insertion stereotactic cannula into a brain. On a fused image the PET-component enables to plan target areas for biopsy and selective ablation of the tumor, due to the ability of a radiotracer to accumulate selectively in the most malignant sites of a tumor. While MRI component, providing a clear anatomical visualization, allows the planning safe trajectories of stereotactic access out of eloquent areas, pathways of brain and intracerebral vessels, which reduces the risk of intraoperative complications. In addition, MRI provides imaging of fiducial markers for stereotactic calculations.

Conclusion. High efficiency of preoperative planning on fused MRI/PET scans was demonstrated. The proposed planning method allows to increase the effectiveness of biopsies and to prevent the prolonged growth of brain glial tumors, even when their selective stereotactic ablation, as well as to ensure a low level of postoperative complications.

Objective: to study the volumetric data of the bone of the orbit and its soft tissues in children is normal.

Material and methods. A research into CT scans of 50 children (80 orbits) without orbital abnormality was conducted. The computed tomography imaging was performed routinely, with both axial and frontal sections obtained. Section thickness measured 1.0 mm at intervals of 1.00 mm.

Results. The article presents volume measurements for normal bony orbits and orbital soft tissue (extraocular muscle, retrobulbar tissue, optic nerve, and lacrimal gland) in children in vivo, with regard to age peculiarities. The orbital tissue volume ratios presented in the article allow for conclusions about age-specific changes in the anatomy and topography of the orbit in children.

Conclusion. The growth of a child is accompanied by a continuous steady increase in the bony orbit and orbital soft tissue volume, which reaches 21.93 cm3 and 14.87 cm3 respectively by the age of 15 to 16 years. With age, the volume of orbital soft tissues shows a greater increase than the volume of the bony orbit, which leads to a change in topographic ratio of orbital tissues (the muscle “cone” widens, the eyeball protrudes forward).

This article describes a clinical case of a cancer patient with secondary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (Pierre Marie–Bamberger syndrome). The patient underwent complex examination including bone scan, X-ray, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. According to the results of the examinations the patient was diagnosed with metastatic amelanotic melanoma in intrathoracic lymph nodes with unknown primary site and the Pierre Marie–Bamberger syndrome was confirmed.

Meckel’s diverticulum is a common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract, manifested by complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding, intussusception, intestinal obstruction and diverticulitis. Frequency of Meckel diverticulum and its complications is very variable and the diagnosis is usually established intraoperatively. With the development of computed tomography it became possible to identify and differentiate the disease and its complications in the preoperative stage. In this article clinical cases devoted to the diverticulum of Meckel are studied. All patients underwent computed tomography before surgery according to which diverticula complicated by inflammation and bleeding were found.

This article describes the clinical cases of doubling of the mandibular condylar process, which is detected by means of multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The patients had no clinical symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders. This pathology of the temporomandibular joint is a rare form of embryopathy and develops as a consequence of a violation of the mandibular condylar cartilage morphogenesis. Its radiographic signs are similar to the deformation of the mandibular condyle, which is a result of the progression of inflammation and remodeling of joint surfaces. Methods of CBCT and MSCT possess sufficient resolution for the differential diagnosis of congenital and acquired pathology of the temporomandibular joint.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is leading in the prevalence in the structure of neurodegenerative diseases and is the most common cause of dementia in the population. It is advisable to conduct therapy at an early stage of the disease, since at the terminal stage of the disease treatment becomes ineffective. In the present situation, timely and accurate diagnostics of AD on early stages of the disease becomes most important. One of the key places in diagnostics of this disease is assigned to neuroimaging methods, in particular, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the submitted systematic review, a search was carried out in electronic databases and scientific electronic libraries Cyberleninka, PubMed, OVID, the Cochrane Collaboration database. The modern aspects of early diagnosis of AD using MRI are assessed. The modern aspects of early diagnostics of AD using MRI are assessed. A number of Russian and foreign articles and metaanalyses devoted to the quantitative evaluation of MR-tomography data at an early stage of AD were analyzed and highlighted.

This scientific review is devoted to the modern diagnostics of adult flatfoot using radiographic method. Describes the main radiographic projections and basic morpho-functional parameters that determine the degree of deformation and the further tactics of patients’ treatment.