<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rentrad</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник рентгенологии и радиологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of radiology and nuclear medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-4676</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0478</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Limited Liability Company "LUCHEVAYA DIAGNOSTIKA", Russian Association of Radiologists</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20862/0042-4676-2014-0-1-39-50</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rentrad-129</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS OF LITERATURE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ПРОТОННОЙ МАГНИТНО-РЕЗОНАНСНОЙ СПЕКТРОСКОПИИ ПРИ ОПУХОЛЯХ ГОЛОВНОГО МОЗГА И ПРИЛЕЖАЩИХ ТКАНЕЙ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CLINICAL USE OF PROTON MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY IN BRAIN TUMORS AND ADJACENT TISSUES</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бакунович</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakunovich</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-рентгенолог Центра лучевой диагностики ЛРЦ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Radiologist of Center of Radiology of Federal Center of Treatment and Rehabilitation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синицын</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinitsyn</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. м. н., профессор, директор Центра лучевой диагностики ЛРЦ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Director of Center of Radiology of Federal Center of Treatment and Rehabilitation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мершина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mershina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к. м. н., заведующая отделением томографии Центра лучевой диагностики ЛРЦ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Head of the Department of Tomography of Center of Radiology of Federal Center of Treatment and Rehabilitation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Лечебно-реабилитационный центр» Министерства здравоохранения РФ, Иваньковское шоссе, 3, Москва, 125367, Российская Федерация</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Center of Treatment and Rehabilitation, &#13;
Ministry of Health of the RF, Ivan’kovskoe shosse, 3, Moscow, 125367, Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>39</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бакунович А.В., Синицын В.Е., Мершина Е.А., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бакунович А.В., Синицын В.Е., Мершина Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bakunovich A.V., Sinitsyn V.E., Mershina E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.russianradiology.ru/jour/article/view/129">https://www.russianradiology.ru/jour/article/view/129</self-uri><abstract><sec><title> </title><p> </p><p>Магнитно-резонансная спектроскопия (МРС) – неинвазивный метод измерения концентрации химических веществ, позволяющий проводить оценку биохимических сдвигов в норме и при различных патологических состояниях in vivo. Метод открывает широкие перспективы как для первичной диагностики, так и для оценки эффективности последующего лечения – терапевтического либо хирургического. Данный обзор литературы посвящён проблеме применения протонной МРС при различных опухолях головного мозга, его оболочек и прилежащих нервов. Авторами собраны и систематизированы данные по вопросам первичной диагностики, дифференциальной диагностики и оценки эффективности лечения опухолей, приводятся ссылки как на фундаментальные работы в этой области, так и на совсем недавние научные изыскания.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title> </title><p> </p><p>Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a noninvasive technique to measure the concentration of chemical substances, which estimates biochemical changes in health and different diseases in vivo. The technique opens up a wide range of possibilities for both primary diagnosis and evaluation of the efficiency of further treatment – medical or surgical one. This review of literature is dedicated to proton MRS used in different tumors of the brain, its tunics, and adjacent nerves. It contains and systematizes data related to the problems of primary diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and evaluation of the efficiency of treatment for tumors and gives references to both basic researches in this area and recent investigations.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>магнитно-резонансная спектроскопия</kwd><kwd>опухоли мозга</kwd><kwd>радиационный некроз</kwd><kwd>рецидив опухоли</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>magnetic resonance spectroscopy</kwd><kwd>brain tumor</kwd><kwd>radiation necrosis</kwd><kwd>tumor recurrence</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Proctor W.G., Yu F.C. The dependence of a nuclear magnetic resonance frequency upon chemical compound. Phys. Rev. 1950; 77: 717.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Proctor W.G., Yu F.C. The dependence of a nuclear magnetic resonance frequency upon chemical compound. Phys. Rev. 1950; 77: 717.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Radda G.K. The use of NMR spectroscopy for the understanding of disease. Science. 1986; 233: 640–55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radda G.K. The use of NMR spectroscopy for the understanding of disease. Science. 1986; 233: 640–55.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gillard J.H., Waldman A.D., Barker P.B. Clinical MR Neuroimaging Diffusion, Perfusion and Spectroscopy. Cambridge University Press; 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gillard J.H., Waldman A.D., Barker P.B. Clinical MR Neuroimaging Diffusion, Perfusion and Spectroscopy. Cambridge University Press; 2005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frahm J., Bruhn H., Gyngell M.L., Merboldt K.D., Hanicke W., Sauter R. Localized high-resolution proton NMR spectroscopy using stimulated echoes: initial applications to human brain in vivo. Magn. Reson. Med. 1989; 9: 79–93.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frahm J., Bruhn H., Gyngell M.L., Merboldt K.D., Hanicke W., Sauter R. Localized high-resolution proton NMR spectroscopy using stimulated echoes: initial applications to human brain in vivo. Magn. Reson. Med. 1989; 9: 79–93.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bottomley P. In U.S. Patent. Vol. 4 480 228 USA; 1984.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bottomley P. In U.S. Patent. Vol. 4 480 228 USA; 1984.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Suhy J., Rooney W. et al. 1H MRSI comparison of white matter and lesions in primary progressive and relapsing – remitting MS. Mult. Scler. 2000; 6 (3): 148–55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suhy J., Rooney W. et al. 1H MRSI comparison of white matter and lesions in primary progressive and relapsing – remitting MS. Mult. Scler. 2000; 6 (3): 148–55.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin A.P., Ross B.D. Short-echo time proton MR spectroscopy in the presence of gadolinium. J. Com-put. Assist. Tomogr. 2001; 25 (5): 705–12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin A.P., Ross B.D. Short-echo time proton MR spectroscopy in the presence of gadolinium. J. Com-put. Assist. Tomogr. 2001; 25 (5): 705–12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Osborn A. Diagnostic Imaging: Brain. Amirsys; 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osborn A. Diagnostic Imaging: Brain. Amirsys; 2004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Preul M.C., Caramanos Z., Collins D.L., Villemure J.G., Leblanc R., Olivier A. et al. Accurate, noninvasive diagnosis of human brain tumors by using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Nat. Med. 1996; 2: 323–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Preul M.C., Caramanos Z., Col-lins D.L., Villemure J.G., Leblanc R., Olivier A. et al. Accurate, noninvasive diagnosis of human brain tumors by using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Nat. Med. 1996; 2: 323–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Langkowski J.H., Wieland J., Bomsdorf H., Leibfritz D., West-phal M., Offermann W. et al. Preoperative localized in vivo proton spectroscopy in cerebral tumors at 4.0 Tesla – first results. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 1989; 7: 547–55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Langkowski J.H., Wieland J., Bomsdorf H., Leibfritz D., West-phal M., Offermann W. et al. Preoperative localized in vivo proton spectroscopy in cerebral tumors at 4.0 Tesla – first results. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 1989; 7: 547–55.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gill S.S., Thomas D.G., Van B.N., Gadian D.G., Peden C.J., Bell J.D. et al. Proton MR spectroscopy of intracranial tumours: in vivo and in vitro studies. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 1990; 14: 497–504.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gill S.S., Thomas D.G., Van B.N., Gadian D.G., Peden C.J., Bell J.D. et al. Proton MR spectroscopy of intracranial tumours: in vivo and in vitro studies. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 1990; 14: 497–504.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Negendank W.G., Sauter R., Brown T.R., Evelhoch J.L., Falini A., Gotsis E.D. et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with glial tumors: a multicenter study. J. Neurosurg. 1996; 84: 449–58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Negendank W.G., Sauter R., Brown T.R., Evelhoch J.L., Falini A., Gotsis E.D. et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with glial tumors: a multicenter study. J. Neurosurg. 1996; 84: 449–58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Труфанов Г.Е., Тютин Л.А. Магнитно-резонансная спектроскопия: Руководство для врачей. СПб.: ЭЛБИ-СПб; 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trufanov G.E., Tyutin L.A. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy: A Guide for Physicians. St. Petersburg: ELBI-SPb; 2008 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bendini M., Marton E., Feletti A., Rossi S., Curtolo S., Inches I. et al. Primary and metastatic intraaxial brain tumors: prospective comparison of multivoxel 2D chemical-shift imaging (CSI) proton MR spectroscopy, perfusion MRI, and histo-pathological findings in a group of 159 patients. Acta. Neurochir. (Wien). 2011; 153 (2): 403–12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bendini M., Marton E., Feletti A., Rossi S., Curtolo S., Inches I. et al. Primary and metastatic intraaxial brain tumors: prospective comparison of multivoxel 2D chemical-shift imaging (CSI) proton MR spectroscopy, perfusion MRI, and histopathological findings in a group of 159 patients. Acta. Neurochir. (Wien). 2011; 153 (2): 403–12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gupta R.K., Husain M., Vatsal D.K., Kumar R., Chawla S., Husain N. Comparative evaluation of magnetization transfer MR imaging and in-vivo proton MR spectroscopy in brain tuberculomas. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 2002; 20: 375–81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gupta R.K., Husain M., Vatsal D.K., Kumar R., Chawla S., Husain N. Comparative evaluation of magnetization transfer MR imaging and in-vivo proton MR spectroscopy in brain tuberculomas. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 2002; 20: 375–81.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Butzen J., Prost R., Chetty V., Do-nahue K., Neppl R., Bowen W. et al. Discrimination between neoplastic and nonneoplastic brain lesions by use of proton MR spectroscopy: the limits of accuracy with a logistic regression model. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2000; 21: 1213–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Butzen J., Prost R., Chetty V., Do-nahue K., Neppl R., Bowen W. et al. Discrimination between neoplastic and nonneoplastic brain lesions by use of proton MR spectroscopy: the limits of accuracy with a logistic regression model. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2000; 21: 1213–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saindane A.M., Cha S., Law M., Xue X., Knopp E.A., Zagzag D. Proton MR spectroscopy of tumefactive demyelinating lesions. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2002; 23: 1378–86.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saindane A.M., Cha S., Law M., Xue X., Knopp E.A., Zagzag D. Proton MR spectroscopy of tumefactive demyelinating lesions. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2002; 23: 1378–86.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gupta R.K., Pandey R., Khan E.M., Mittal P., Gujral R.B., Chhabra D.K. Intracranial tuberculomas: MRI signal intensity correlation with histopathology and localised proton spectroscopy. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 1993; 11: 443–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gupta R.K., Pandey R., Khan E.M., Mittal P., Gujral R.B., Chhabra D.K. Intracranial tuberculomas: MRI signal intensity correlation with histopathology and localised proton spectroscopy. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 1993; 11: 443–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yamagata N.T., Miller B.L., McBride D., Chang L., Chiang F., Nikas D. et al. In vivo proton spectroscopy of intracranial infections and neoplasms. J. Neuroimaging. 1994; 4: 23–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yamagata N.T., Miller B.L., McBride D., Chang L., Chiang F., Nikas D. et al. In vivo proton spectroscopy of intracranial infections and neoplasms. J. Neuroimaging. 1994; 4: 23–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Remy C., Grand S., Lai E.S., Belle V., Hoffmann D., Berger F. et al. 1H MRS of human brain abscesses in vivo and in vitro. Magn. Reson. Med. 1995; 34: 508–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Remy C., Grand S., Lai E.S., Belle V., Hoffmann D., Berger F. et al. 1H MRS of human brain abscesses in vivo and in vitro. Magn. Reson. Med. 1995; 34: 508–14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grand S., Passaro G., Ziegler A., Esteve F., Boujet C., Hoffmann D. et al. Necrotic tumor versus brain abscess: importance of amino acids detected at 1H MR spectroscopy – initial results. Radiology. 1999; 213: 785–93.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grand S., Passaro G., Ziegler A., Esteve F., Boujet C., Hoffmann D. et al. Necrotic tumor versus brain abscess: importance of amino acids detected at 1H MR spectroscopy – initial results. Radiology. 1999; 213: 785–93.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Croteau D., Scarpace L., Hearshen D., Gutierrez J., Rock J., Rosenblum M. et al. Correlation between magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging and image-guided biopsies: semiquantitative and qualitative histo-pathologic analysis of patients with untreated glioma. Neurosurgery. 2001; 49: 823–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Croteau D., Scarpace L., Hearshen D., Gutierrez J., Rock J., Rosenblum M. et al. Correlation between magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging and image-guided biopsies: semiquantitative and qualitative histo-pathologic analysis of patients with untreated glioma. Neurosurgery. 2001; 49: 823–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daumas-Duport C., Scheithauer B.W., Kelly P.J. A histologic and cytologic method for the spatial definition of gliomas. Mayo Clin. Proc. 1987; 62: 435–449.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daumas-Duport C., Scheithauer B.W., Kelly P.J. A histologic and cytologic method for the spatial definition of gliomas. Mayo Clin. Proc. 1987; 62: 435–449.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dowling C., Bollen A.W., Noworolski S.M., McDermott M.W., Barbaro N.M., Day M.R. et al. Preoperative proton MR spectroscopic imaging of brain tumors: correlation with histopathologic analysis of resection specimens. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2001; 22: 604–12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dowling C., Bollen A.W., Noworolski S.M., McDermott M.W., Barbaro N.M., Day M.R. et al. Preoperative proton MR spectroscopic imaging of brain tumors: correlation with histopathologic analysis of resection specimens. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2001; 22: 604–12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rock J.P., Hearshen D., Scarpace L., Croteau D., Guitierrez J., Fisher J.L. et al. Correlations between magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imageguided histopathology, with special attention to radiation necrosis. Neurosurgery. 2002; 51(4): 912–23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rock J.P., Hearshen D., Scarpace L., Croteau D., Guitierrez J., Fisher J.L. et al. Correlations between magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imageguided histopathology, with special attention to radiation necrosis. Neurosurgery. 2002; 51(4): 912–23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heesters M.A., Kamman R.L., Mo-oyaart E.L., Go K.G. Localized proton spectroscopy of inoperable brain gliomas. Response to radiation therapy. J. Neurooncol. 1993; 17: 27–35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heesters M.A., Kamman R.L., Mo-oyaart E.L., Go K.G. Localized proton spectroscopy of inoperable brain gliomas. Response to radiation therapy. J. Neurooncol. 1993; 17: 27–35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tarnawski R., Sokol M., Pieniazek P., Maciejewski B., Walecki J., Mis-zczyk L. et al. 1H-MRS in vivo predicts the early treatment outcome of postoperative radiotherapy for malignant gliomas. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2002; 52: 1271–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tarnawski R., Sokol M., Pieniazek P., Maciejewski B., Walecki J., Mis-zczyk L. et al. 1H-MRS in vivo predicts the early treatment outcome of postoperative radiotherapy for malignant gliomas. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2002; 52: 1271–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Usenius T., Usenius J.P., Tenhunen M., Vainio P., Johansson R., Soimakallio S. et al. Radiation-induced changes in human brain metabolites as studied by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1995; 33: 719–24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Usenius T., Usenius J.P., Tenhunen M., Vainio P., Johansson R., Soimakallio S. et al. Radiation-induced changes in human brain metabolites as studied by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1995; 33: 719–24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamada K., Houkin K., Abe H., Sawamura Y., Kashiwaba T. Differentiation of cerebral radiation necrosis from tumor recurrence by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo). 1997; 37 (3): 250–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamada K., Houkin K., Abe H., Sawamura Y., Kashiwaba T. Differentiation of cerebral radiation necrosis from tumor recurrence by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo). 1997; 37 (3): 250–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Preul M.C., Caramanos Z., Villemu-re J.G., Shenouda G., Leblanc R., Langleben A. et al. Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging to predict in vivo the response of recurrent malignant gliomas to tamoxifen chemotherapy. Neurosurgery. 2000; 46: 306–18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Preul M.C., Caramanos Z., Villemu-re J.G., Shenouda G., Leblanc R., Langleben A. et al. Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging to predict in vivo the response of recurrent malignant gliomas to tamoxifen chemotherapy. Neurosurgery. 2000; 46: 306–18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Howe F.A., Barton S.J., Cudlip S.A., Stubbs M., Saunders D.E., Murphy M. et al. Metabolic profiles of human brain tumors using quantitative in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magn. Reson. Med. 2003; 49: 223–32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Howe F.A., Barton S.J., Cudlip S.A., Stubbs M., Saunders D.E., Murphy M. et al. Metabolic profiles of human brain tumors using quantitative in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magn. Reson. Med. 2003; 49: 223–32.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Urenjak J., Williams S.R., Gadi-an D.G., Noble M. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy unambiguously identifies different neural cell types. J. Neurosc. 1993; 13: 981.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Urenjak J., Williams S.R., Gadi-an D.G., Noble M. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy unambiguously identifies different neural cell types. J. Neurosc. 1993; 13: 981.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ricci P.E., Pitt A., Keller P.J., Coons S.W., Heiserman J.E. Effect of voxel position on single-voxel MR spectroscopy findings. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2000; 21: 367–74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ricci P.E., Pitt A., Keller P.J., Coons S.W., Heiserman J.E. Effect of voxel position on single-voxel MR spectroscopy findings. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2000; 21: 367–74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Remy C., Fouilhe N., Barba I., Sam-Lai E., Lahrech H., Cucurella M.G. et al. Evidence that mobile lipids detected in rat brain glioma by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance correspond to lipid droplets. Cancer Res. 1997; 57: 407–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Remy C., Fouilhe N., Barba I., Sam-Lai E., Lahrech H., Cucurella M.G. et al. Evidence that mobile lipids detected in rat brain glioma by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance correspond to lipid droplets. Cancer Res. 1997; 57: 407–14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sijens P.E., Knopp M.V., Brunetti A., Wicklow K., Alfano B., Bachert P. et al. 1H MR spectroscopy in patients with metastatic brain tumors: a multicenter study. Magn. Reson. Med. 1995; 33: 818–26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sijens P.E., Knopp M.V., Brunetti A., Wicklow K., Alfano B., Bachert P. et al. 1H MR spectroscopy in patients with metastatic brain tumors: a multicenter study. Magn. Reson. Med. 1995; 33: 818–26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sijens P.E., Levendag P.C., Vecht C.J., van Dijk P., Oudkerk M. 1H MR spectroscopy detection of lipids and lactate in metastatic brain tumors. NMR Biomed. 1996; 9: 65–71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sijens P.E., Levendag P.C., Vecht C.J., van Dijk P., Oudkerk M. 1H MR spectroscopy detection of lipids and lactate in metastatic brain tumors. NMR Biomed. 1996; 9: 65–71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fan G., Sun B., Wu Z., Guo Q., Guo Y. In vivo single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy in the differentiation of high-grade gliomas and solitary metastases. Clin. Radiol. 2004; 59 (1): 77–85.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fan G., Sun B., Wu Z., Guo Q., Guo Y. In vivo single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy in the differentiation of high-grade gliomas and solitary metastases. Clin. Radiol. 2004; 59 (1): 77–85.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Подопригора A.E., Пронин И.Н., Фадеева Л.M. Протонная магнитно-резонансная спектроскопия в нейрорадиологии. Мед. визуализация. 2000; 4: 86–91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Podoprigora A.E., Pronin I.N., Fadeeva L.M. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in neuroradiology. Meditsinskaya vizualizatsiya. 2000; 4: 86–91(in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aiken N.R., Gillies R.J. Phosphomonoester metabolism as a function of cell proliferative status and exogenous precursors. Anticancer Res. 1996; 16: 1393–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aiken N.R., Gillies R.J. Phosphomonoester metabolism as a function of cell proliferative status and exogenous precursors. Anticancer Res. 1996; 16: 1393–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tedeschi G., Lundbom N., Raman R., Bonavita S., Duyn J.H., Alger J.R. et al. Increased choline signal coinciding with malignant degeneration of cerebral gliomas: a serial proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging study. J. Neurosurg. 1997; 87: 516–24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tedeschi G., Lundbom N., Raman R., Bonavita S., Duyn J.H., Alger J.R. et al. Increased choline signal coinciding with malignant degeneration of cerebral gliomas: a serial proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging study. J. Neurosurg. 1997; 87: 516–24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taylor J.S., Langston J.W., Red-dick W.E., Kingsley P.B., Ogg R.J., Pui M.H. et al. Clinical value of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for differentiating recurrent or residual brain tumor from delayed cerebral necrosis. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1996; 36: 1251–61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taylor J.S., Langston J.W., Red-dick W.E., Kingsley P.B., Ogg R.J., Pui M.H. et al. Clinical value of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for differentiating recurrent or residual brain tumor from delayed cerebral necrosis. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1996; 36: 1251–61.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wald L.L., Nelson S.J., Day M.R., Noworolski S.E., Henry R.G., Huhn S.L. et al. Serial proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging of glioblastomamultiforme after brachytherapy. J. Neurosurg. 1997; 87: 525–34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wald L.L., Nelson S.J., Day M.R., Noworolski S.E., Henry R.G., Huhn S.L. et al. Serial proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging of glioblastomamultiforme after brachytherapy. J. Neurosurg. 1997; 87: 525–34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Preul M.C., Leblanc R., Carama-nos Z., Kasrai R., Narayanan S., Arnold D.L. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy guided brain tumor resection: differentiation between recurrent glioma and radiation change in two diagnostically difficult cases. Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 1998; 25: 13–22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Preul M.C., Leblanc R., Caramanos Z., Kasrai R., Narayanan S., Arnold D.L. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy guided brain tumor resection: differentiation between recurrent glioma and radiation change in two diagnostically difficult cases. Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 1998; 25: 13–22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin A., Bluml S., Mamelak A.N. Efficacy of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in clinical decision making for patients with suspected malignant brain tumors. J. Neurooncol. 1999; 45: 69–81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin A., Bluml S., Mamelak A.N. Efficacy of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in clinical decision making for patients with suspected malignant brain tumors. J. Neurooncol. 1999; 45: 69–81.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Henry R.G., Vigneron D.B., Fischbein N.J., Grant P.E., Day M.R., Noworolski S.M. et al. Comparison of relative cerebral blood volume and proton spectroscopy in patients with treated gliomas. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2000; 21: 357–66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Henry R.G., Vigneron D.B., Fischbein N.J., Grant P.E., Day M.R., Noworolski S.M. et al. Comparison of relative cerebral blood volume and proton spectroscopy in patients with treated gliomas. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2000; 21: 357–66.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Graves E.E., Nelson S.J., Vigneron D.B., Verhey L., McDermott M., Larson D. et al. Serial proton MR spectroscopic imaging of recurrent malignant gliomas after gamma knife radiosurgery. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2001; 22 (4): 613–24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Graves E.E., Nelson S.J., Vigneron D.B., Verhey L., McDermott M., Larson D. et al. Serial proton MR spectroscopic imaging of recurrent malignant gliomas after gamma knife radiosurgery. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2001; 22 (4): 613–24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rabinov J.D., Lee P.L., Barker F.G., Louis D.N., Harsh G.R., Cosgrove G.R. et al. In vivo 3-T MR spectroscopy in the distinction of recurrent glioma versus radiation effects: initial experience. Radiology. 2002; 225: 871–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rabinov J.D., Lee P.L., Barker F.G., Louis D.N., Harsh G.R., Cosgrove G.R. et al. In vivo 3-T MR spectroscopy in the distinction of recurrent glioma versus radiation effects: initial experience. Radiology. 2002; 225: 871–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Plotkin M., Eisenacher J., Bruhn H., Wurm R., Michel R., Stockham-mer F. et al. 123I-IMT SPECT and 1H MR spectroscopy at 3.0 T in the differential diagnosis of recurrent or residual gliomas: a comparative study. J. Neurooncol. 2004; 70 (1): 49–58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Plotkin M., Eisenacher J., Bruhn H., Wurm R., Michel R., Stockham-mer F. et al. 123I-IMT SPECT and 1H MR spectroscopy at 3.0 T in the differential diagnosis of recurrent or residual gliomas: a comparative study. J. Neurooncol. 2004; 70 (1): 49–58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zeng Q.S., Li C.F., Zhang K., Liu H., Kang X.S., Zhen J.H. Multivoxel 3D proton MR spectroscopy in the distinction of recurrent glioma from radiation injury. J. Neurooncol. 2007; 84 (1): 63–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zeng Q.S., Li C.F., Zhang K., Liu H., Kang X.S., Zhen J.H. Multivoxel 3D proton MR spectroscopy in the distinction of recurrent glioma from radiation injury. J. Neurooncol. 2007; 84 (1): 63–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
