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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rentrad</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник рентгенологии и радиологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of radiology and nuclear medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-4676</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0478</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Limited Liability Company "LUCHEVAYA DIAGNOSTIKA", Russian Association of Radiologists</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20862/0042-4676-2026-107-1-6-16</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rentrad-1025</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Очаговые артефакты и внеорганные находки при перфузионной сцинтиграфии легких</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Focal Artifacts and Extraorgan Findings in Pulmonary Perfusion Scintigraphy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8373-0505</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронов</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironov</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Миронов Сергей Петрович - д. м. н., профессор, врач-радиолог лаборатории радиоизотопной диагностики и терапии отдела радионуклидной диагностики и позитронно-эмиссионной томографии.</p><p>Ул. Академика Чазова, 15а, Москва, 121552</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey P. Mironov - Dr. Med. Sc., Professor, Radiologist, Laboratory of Radioisotope Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Radionuclide Diagnostics and Positron Emission Tomography.</p><p>Ul. Akademika Chazova, 15a, Moscow, 121552</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">msp1942@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2390-0883</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бугрий</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bugriy</surname><given-names>M. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бугрий Михаил Евгеньевич - заведущий позитронно-эмиссионной лабораторией отдела радионуклидной диагностики и позитронно-эмиссионной томографии.</p><p>Ул. Академика Чазова, 15а, Москва, 121552</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Мikhail Е. Bugriy - Head of Positron Emission Laboratory, Department of Radionuclide Diagnostics and Positron Emission Tomography.</p><p>Ul. Akademika Chazova, 15a, Moscow, 121552</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0487-6902</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергиенко</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergienko</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергиенко Владимир Борисович - д. м. н., профессор, советник отдела координации научных, лечебных и учебных программ.</p><p>Ул. Академика Чазова, 15а, Москва, 121552</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir B. Sergienko - Dr. Med. Sc., Professor, Advisor, Department of Coordination of Scientific, Medical and Educational Programs.</p><p>Ul. Akademika Chazova, 15a, Moscow, 121552</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт клинической кардиологии им. А.Л. Мясникова ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии им. академика Е.И. Чазова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology, National Medical Research Center for Cardiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>107</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Миронов С.П., Бугрий М.Е., Сергиенко В.Б., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Миронов С.П., Бугрий М.Е., Сергиенко В.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mironov S.P., Bugriy M.Е., Sergienko V.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.russianradiology.ru/jour/article/view/1025">https://www.russianradiology.ru/jour/article/view/1025</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: уточнить и систематизировать причины очаговых и внеорганных артефактов, способных выполнять роль диагностических «ловушек» при перфузионной сцинтиграфии легких с 99mTc-макроагрегатом альбумина (МАА), их семиотику, принципы и приемы дифференциации от патологических изменений.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проанализированы результаты перфузионной сцинтиграфии легких у 1025 пациентов, обследованных для исключения тромбоэмболии легочной артерии (ТЭЛА) или тромбоэмболического фактора в генезе диагностированной легочной гипертензии. Исследование выполнялось в мультипланарном режиме на двухдетекторных однофотонных эмиссионных компьютерных томографах (ОФЭКТ) в положении больного лежа на спине через 4–5 мин после внутривенного введения радиофармпрепарата (РФП) активностью 111–148 МБк. Изображения легких регистрировали в шести проекциях, включающих переднюю, заднюю и четыре косые. При необходимости выполняли досмотр в режиме совмещенной ОФЭКТ/КТ. Термином «артефакт» обозначили одиночные дефекты перфузии, имитирующие ТЭЛА, а также внелегочные находки схожие с признаками право-левого шунта.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Артефактные сцинтиграфические находки, соответствующие вышеописанным критериям, констатированы у 634 (61,8%) пациентов. Очаговые изменения (n=618) по характеру сцинтиграфической манифестации разделены на «холодные» и «горячие». Одиночные «холодные» (n=611) очаги чаще всего были следствием «экранирующего» эффекта измененных анатомических структур (сердце – 493, ствол легочной артерии – 72, плевральный выпот и высокое стояние диафрагмы – 41), а также имплантированного кардиостимулятора (n=5). «Горячие» очаги (n=7) из-за их высокой удельной радиоактивности маскировали тромбоэмболические дефекты перфузии. Основная причина подобного артефакта – попадание крови в шприц с 99mTc-МАА во время внутривенного введения РФП. Внелегочные признаки право-левого шунта отмечены у 14 больных с врожденными пороками сердца и характеризовались сочетанной визуализацией почек и других органов большого круга кровообращения (селезенка, печень, щитовидная железа). Причиной артефактной визуализации кишечника (n=2) была остаточная радиоактивность после предшествующей перфузионной сцинтиграфии миокарда с 99mTc-метокси-изобутил-изонитрилом.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Анализ причин формирования очаговых и внеорганных артефактных находок при перфузионной сцинтиграфии легких и связанных с ними диагностических и интерпретационных «ловушек» позволит сформировать адекватную стратегию контроля качества для минимизации ложноположительной трактовки ТЭЛА и системно-легочных шунтов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to clarify and systematize the causes of focal and non-organ artifacts capable of acting as diagnostic pitfalls in lung perfusion scintigraphy using 99mTc macroaggregated albumin (MAA), as well as their semiotics, principles, and methods for differentiating from pathological changes.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The outcomes of lung perfusion scintigraphy were analyzed in 1,025 patients who underwent examinations to rule out pulmonary embolism (PE) or thromboembolic factors contributing to diagnosed pulmonary hypertension. The procedure was carried out in a multiplanar mode using twodetector single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scanners while the patient was lying supine, 4–5 minutes after intravenous injection of a radiopharmaceutical (RPh) with an activity level of 111–148 MBq. Lung images were captured in six projections, including anterior, posterior, and four oblique planes. If required, additional screening was performed in combined SPECT/CT mode. The term “artifact” was used to describe isolated perfusion defects that simulate PE, as well as extrapulmonary findings resembling signs of a right-to-left shunt.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Artefact scintigraphic findings corresponding to the above criteria were found in 634 (61.8%) patients. Focal changes (n=618) were classified into “cold” and “hot” based on their scintigraphic presentation. Single “cold” lesions (n=611) were most commonly due to the shielding effect of altered anatomical structures (heart – 493, pulmonary artery trunk – 72, pleural effusion and elevated diaphragm – 41), as well as implanted pacemakers (n=5). “Hot spot” (n=7) obscured thromboembolic perfusion defects because of their high specific radioactivity. The main reason for this artifact is blood ingress into a syringe with 99mTc-MAA during intravenous administration of RPh. Extrapulmonary signs of right-to-left shunt were observed in 14 patients with congenital heart defects and were characterized by concurrent visualization of the kidneys and other organs in the systemic circulation (spleen, liver, thyroid gland). The reason for artefactual intestinal imaging (n=2) was residual radioactivity following prior myocardial perfusion scintigraphy with 99mTc methoxyisobutyl-isonitrile.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Examining the reasons behind the occurrence of focal and extra-organ artifact findings in lung perfusion scintigraphy, as well as associated diagnostic and interpretive pitfalls, will enable the development of an appropriate quality control strategy to reduce the likelihood of false-positive interpretations of PE and systemic pulmonary shunts.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>перфузионная сцинтиграфия легких</kwd><kwd>99mTc-макроагрегат альбумина</kwd><kwd>очаговые и внеорганные артефакты</kwd><kwd>диагностические ловушки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lung perfusion scintigraphy</kwd><kwd>99mTc macroaggregated albumin</kwd><kwd>focal and extraorgan artifacts</kwd><kwd>diagnostic pitfalls</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zöphel K, Bacher-Stier C, Pinkert J, Kropp J. 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